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Lessons:-Models

Models
Models are the classes that sit as the business layer in your application. This means that they should be
responsible for managing almost everything that happens regarding your data, its validity, interactions and
evolution of the information workflow in your domain of work.
Usually model classes represent data and are used in CakePHP applications for data access, more specifically
they represent a database table but they are not limited to this, but can be used to access anything that
manipulates data such as files, external web services, iCal events, or rows in a CSV file.
A model can be associated with other models. For example, a Recipe may be associated with the Author of
the recipe as well as the Ingredient in the recipe.
This section will explain what features of the model can be automated, how to override those features, and
what methods and properties a model can have. It’ll explain the different ways to associate your data. It’ll
describe how to find, save, and delete data. Finally, it’ll look at Datasources.
Understanding Models
A Model represents your data model. In object-oriented programming a data model is an object that represents
a “thing”, like a car, a person, or a house. A blog, for example, may have many blog posts and
each blog post may have many comments. The Blog, Post, and Comment are all examples of models, each
associated with another.
Here is a simple example of a model definition in CakePHP:
class Ingredient extends AppModel {
public $name = ’Ingredient’;
}
With just this simple declaration, the Ingredient model is bestowed with all the functionality you need to
create queries along with saving and deleting data. These magic methods come from CakePHP’s Model
class by the magic of inheritance. The Ingredient model extends the application model, AppModel, which
extends CakePHP’s internal Model class. It is this core Model class that bestows the functionality onto your
Ingredient model.This intermediate class, AppModel, is empty and if you haven’t created your own, is taken from within the
CakePHP core folder. Overriding the AppModel allows you to define functionality that should be made
available to all models within your application. To do so, you need to create your own AppModel.php
file that resides in the Model folder, as all other models in your application. Creating a project using Bake
will automatically generate this file for you.
See also Behaviors for more information on how to apply similar logic to multiple models.
Back to our Ingredient model, in order to work on it, create the PHP file in the /app/Model/ directory.
By convention it should have the same name as the class; for this example Ingredient.php.
Note: CakePHP will dynamically create a model object for you if it cannot find a corresponding file in
/app/Model. This also means that if your model file isn’t named correctly (i.e. ingredient.php or Ingredients.
php) CakePHP will use an instance of AppModel rather than your missing (from CakePHP’s perspective)
model file. If you’re trying to use a method you’ve defined in your model, or a behavior attached to
your model and you’re getting SQL errors that are the name of the method you’re calling - it’s a sure sign
CakePHP can’t find your model and you either need to check the file names, your application cache, or both.
Note: Some class names are not usable for model names. For instance “File” cannot be used as “File” is a
class already existing in the CakePHP core.
With your model defined, it can be accessed from within your Controller. CakePHP will automatically
make the model available for access when its name matches that of the controller. For example, a controller
named IngredientsController will automatically initialize the Ingredient model and attach it to the controller
at $this->Ingredient:
class IngredientsController extends AppController {
public function index() {
//grab all ingredients and pass it to the view:
$ingredients = $this->Ingredient->find(’all’);
$this->set(’ingredients’, $ingredients);
}
}
Associated models are available through the main model. In the following example, Recipe has an association
with the Ingredient model:
class Recipe extends AppModel {
public function steakRecipes() {
$ingredient = $this->Ingredient->findByName(’Steak’);
return $this->findAllByMainIngredient($ingredient[’Ingredient’][’id’]);
}
}

 
 
 

deepa

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